Horseshoe kidneys, ultrasound, color Doppler imaging, overview, management

Horseshoe kidney is a congenital anomaly where the lower poles of the kidneys fuse, forming a U-shape. Located lower in the abdomen and oriented horizontally, the kidneys are connected by an isthmus that crosses the midline. Ultrasound reveals this isthmus as a tissue band anterior to the spine and major vessels like the aorta and IVC. Color Doppler imaging shows variable blood flow in the isthmus, with potential for abnormal renal arteries and ureteral obstructions. Despite the unusual anatomy, prognosis is generally good, though there are risks of ureteropelvic junction obstruction, urinary tract infections, kidney stones, hypertension, vesicoureteral reflux, and a slight increase in Wilms tumor risk. Regular monitoring, appropriate interventions, and preventive measures like adequate hydration are crucial for managing these complications and maintaining renal health.