Resin Containing Drug (Part 03) = Myrrh (Biological Source, Preparation Method, Chemicals & Uses)

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MYRRH
Biological Source
Myrrh (Arabian or Somali Myrrh) is an oleo-gum resin, obtained from the stem of Commiphora molmol and/or other species of Commiphora (Burseraceae), growing in north-east Africa and Arabia.

Collection
Much of the secretion is obtained by spontaneous exudation from the cracks and fissures which commonly form in the bark. The yellowish-white, viscous fluid soon hardens in the great heat to reddish-brown masses, which are collected.

Characters
Myrrh occurs irregular tears or masses.The surface is reddish-brown or reddish yellow in colour and powdery. Myrrh has an aromatic odour and an aromatic, bitter and acrid taste.

Constituents. Myrrh contains 7–17% of volatile oil, 25–40% ofresin, 57–61% of ‘gum’ and some 3–4% of impurities. The volatile oil contains terpenes, sesquiterpenes, esters, cuminic aldehyde and eugenol. The sesquiterpene fraction contains furanosesquiterpenes including furanogermacranes.The larger ether-soluble portion contains commiphoric acids, the esters of another resin acid and two phenolic resins. The smaller ether-insoluble fraction contains heerabomyrrholicacids. The gum contains about 18% of protein and 64% of carbohydrate containing galactose, arabinoseand glucuronic acid. This gum is associated with an oxidase enzyme.

Uses
Myrrh is used in incense and perfumes. Like many other resins,it has local stimulant and antiseptic properties. It is chiefly employed in medicine in the form of a mouth-wash or gargle for its astringent effect on mucous membranes. A number of its traditional and historic uses have received experimental support.

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